|
WWII Tech Pubs Briefing
Written by
Daren Beazley
June 1940: A StuG
III Ausf. A of 1. SS-Panzer-Division
prepares to engage stubborn
French defenders in a village in central France during Fall
Rot (Plan Red), the conquest
of France following the decisive victory in the north.
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Country of Origin:
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Germany
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Manufacturer:
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Altmaerkische Kettenfabrik (Alkett); Muhlenbau-Industrie
AG (MIAG)
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Major Variants:
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Ausf. A, B, C, D, E, F, F/8, and G
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Role:
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Assault gun, tank destroyer
|
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Operated by:
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Germany, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy,
Spain, Finland, Syria, Norway, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.
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In Service:
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January 1940
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Number Built:
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10,621
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Overview
The Sturmgeschütz
(Assault Gun; StuG) III originated from an initial proposal that Colonel
Erich von Manstein submitted to General Beck in 1935 in which he suggested
that Sturmartillerie (Assault Artillery) units should be used in
a direct-fire support role for infantry divisions. To that end, on June
15, 1936, Daimler-Benz AG received an order to develop an armoured infantry
support vehicle capable of mounting a 7.5-cm (2.95-in) artillery piece.
The gun was to have a limited traverse of a minimum of 25 degrees and
be mounted in a fully enclosed superstructure that provided overhead protection
for the crew. The height of the vehicle was not to exceed that of the
average man.
Daimler-Benz AG used
the chassis and running gear of its recently designed Panzerkampfwagen
(Armoured Fighting Vehicle; PzKpfw) III medium tank as a basis for the
new vehicle. Prototype manufacture was passed over to Alkett, which in
1937 produced five examples of the experimental O-series StuG based upon
the PzKpfw III Ausführung (Model; Ausf.) B. These prototypes featured
a mild steel superstructure and Krupp’s short-barreled 7.5-cm Sturmkanone
(Assault Cannon; StuK) 37 L/24.
In January 1940,
the first production StuG III Ausf. A, based upon the excellent PzKpfw
III Ausf. F (with improved suspension and transmission), was accepted
into service. The Ausf. B was introduced with some engine and transmission
enhancements during June 1940. Thereafter, new StuG models that incorprated
minor layout and chassis changes appeared at timely intervals until the
Ausf. E was introduced during the autumn of 1941. The Ausf. E was the
last model to sport the short-barreled 7.5-cm StuK 37 L/24 and was the
first to include a machine gun.
In March 1942, the
Ausf. F entered production. This vehicle was meant not only as an assault
gun but also as a mobile tank destroyer that could dispatch the newer
and heavier Russian T-34s and KV-1s that the Wehrmacht (German
armed forces) was encountering in increasing numbers. To meet this threat,
early Ausf. Fs were equipped with the 7.5-cm StuK 40 L/43. The last 31
vehicles of the Ausf. F designation received an even longer gun, the 7.5-cm
StuK 40 L/48. When Ausf. F production shifted to use the PzKpfw III Ausf.
J and L chassis, the type’s designation changed from the Ausf. F to the
Ausf. F/8. All Ausf. F/8s were armed with the 7.5-cm Stuk40 L/48.
In early 1943, the
StuG III Ausf. G appeared, based on the chassis of the PzKpfw III Ausf.
M. The Ausf. G would be manufactured in far greater numbers than all other
variants of StuG combined. Among other chassis enhancements, a cupola
was added for the commander, a shield for the Maschinengewehr (Machine
Gun; MG) 34 was introduced in front of the loader’s hatch, and armour
plate was added to protect the front of both panniers. In February 1944,
a Saukopf (sow’s head) gun mantlet was introduced on the type,
followed shortly by a coaxial machine gun. Over the next few months, the
Ausf. G also gained a Nahverteidigungswaffe (Close Combat Defense
Weapon) system and a remotely controlled machine gun on the superstructure
roof. Most were equipped with Schürzen (aprons) to protect against
hollow-charged weapons, and a Zimmerit coating to fend off hand-placed
magnetic mines.
Most of the StuG IIIs
with long-barreled weapons (sometimes called StuG 40s, after their guns)
saw service primarily in a defensive anti-tank role. The need to support
infantry units, however, still remained. A new vehicle, the Sturmhaubitze
(Assault Howitzer; StuH) 42 Ausf. F, based upon the StuG III Ausf. F,
began prototype testing in March 1942. It mounted a 10.5-cm (4.13-in)
StuH 42 L/28 and first saw action in November that same year. Later StuH
versions were based upon the Ausf. G. This vehicle was used in a purely
anti-personnel role and did not fire armor-piercing ammunition, although
it was supplied with hollow-charge ammunition to give it some anti-armour
capability.
On September 20, 1942,
The German military ordered 12 self-propelled artillery vehicles mounting
a 15-cm (5.91-in) Sturminfanteriegeschütz (Assault Infantry Gun)
L/11 howitzer, based upon prototypes manufactured at Christmas time the
previous year. These vehicles were based upon StuG III Ausf. E and F/8
chassis and were officially designated the StuIG 33B. They were intended
to aid the close-quarter fighting in and around Stalingrad; the 15-cm
primary weapon was capable of demolishing a house with two or three rounds.
In total, 24 were manufactured and all were sent to the Stalingrad front.
The production run
of 30 Ausf. As had equipped Sturmartillerie Batteries (Assault
Artillery Batteries) numbered 640, 659, 660, 665, and the 1. SS-Panzer-Division
Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (SS Armoured Division-Adolf Hitler Personal
Guard; often called the LSSAH). Each unit controlled six StuGs. A StuG
crew consisted of a commander called a Geschützführer (gun leader),
gunner, loader and driver. Officially artillerymen, they wore the field-grey
uniforms of that branch and not the black of the Panzerbesatzungen
(tank crews). They performed well in Holland, Belgium and France,
destroying fixed fortifications, anti-tank guns, and machine gun nests.
In August 1940, Sturmartillerie
Batteries were organised into Abteilungen (battalions). Each
Sturmartillerie Abteilung consisted of three batteries of
six guns, 18 StuGs total. In early 1941, the battalions were broken down
into their component batteries, renamed Sturmgeschütz Batteries.
In April 1941, the complement of StuGs in each battery increased to seven.
In 1942, with the introduction of the long-barrelled StuG III Ausf F,
Sturmgeschütz Abteilung again reformed. Each battalion now
consisted of three batteries; each battery consisted of three platoons;
each platoon consisted of three StuGs. That total of 27 StuGs was increased
to 28 per battalion, with the extra StuG falling under the direct command
of the battalion commander. In November 1942, the number of assault guns
per Sturmgeschütz Abteilungen rose to 31 per battalion,
allowing three additional StuGs for direct use by battery commanders.
This unit of this composition became known as a Sturmgeschütz Brigade,
a designation that stuck until the end of the war.
June 1944 saw the invention
of the Sturmartillerie Brigade, which incorporated 45 assault guns:
33 long-barrelled StuG IIIs and 12 StuH 42s. Each of the brigade’s three
batteries consisted of two platoons of four StuG IIIs and one of four
StuH 42s. Each battery commander was also assigned two StuG IIIs for personal
use, boosting the strength of each battery to 15 vehicles. In practice,
assault gun brigades only rarely achieved full strength, and then only
if they were favoured units.
The importance of
the StuG III cannot be understated. It was manufactured in far greater
numbers than any other German armoured fighting vehicle and was easier,
cheaper, and less time-consuming to manufacture than any turreted tank.
One StuG III Ausf. G was estimated to cost 82,500 Reich Marks – one quarter
the cost of a single Königstiger (King Tiger).
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Variants
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Type
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Number
Built
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Remarks
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StuG III Ausf. A
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30
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Based upon the PzKpfw III Ausf. F but with thicker
front and rear armour and lacking escape hatches on the hull sides.
The 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK 37 L/24 was mounted offset to the right
in a sloped superstructure. The driver peered through a twin periscope
device and pivoting visor while the gunner, besides having an artillery-type
periscopic sight for aiming the gun, could see through a direct-vision
port in the upper left superstructure. The commander had access
to a scissors periscope that rose through the front half of his
access hatch.
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StuG III Ausf. B
|
320
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Introduced an improvement to the engine ignition.
A synchromesh transmission replaced the pre-selective one of the
Ausf. A. Some later Ausf Bs introduced a new six-spoke drive sprocket
and an eight-spoke idler for use with wider 40-cm (15.75-in) tracks.
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StuG III Ausf. C
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50
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Introduced a newly designed superstructure and
eliminated the gunner’s direct-vision port. Instead, the gunner’s
roof hatch was redesigned to allow the gunsight to be raised above
the closed hatch.
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StuG III Ausf. D
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150
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A number of Ausf. Ds were built as battery commander
vehicles by adding an armoured pannier to the right side of the
superstructure.
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StuG III Ausf. E
|
272
|
The extra pannier introduced to some Ausf. Ds
was made standard in all Ausf. Es. The slanted armour plates welded
to the sides of the superstructure on all previous models were removed.
A MG 34 was provided but there was no mount or gun shield and so
the weapon was stowed within the vehicle.
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StuG III Ausf. F
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360
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Ausf. F introduced the longer 7.5-cm (2.95-in)
StuK 40 L/43 and L/48 assault cannons (the latter gun on the last
31 Ausf. Fs). The superstructure roof held an exhaust fan to remove
gun fumes. The heavier cannon necessitated a redesign of the gun
mantlet to accommodate the larger recoil mechanism.
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StuG III Ausf. F/8
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334
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Armed exclusively with the 7.5-cm StuK 40 L/48.
Introduced a new hull design based upon the PzKpfw III Ausf. J and
L. The rear deck was extended and ventilation improved. An additional
30 mm (1.18 in) of armour was bolted to the front of the hull and
superstructure and rear armour thickness was increased to 50 mm
(1.97 in). At this time, Alkett ceased production of the PzKpfw
III and concentrated solely upon StuG production.
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StuG III Ausf. G
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7,893
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Similar to the Ausf F/8 but with an improved
superstructure. A commander’s cupola included periscopes. A shield
for the MG 34 machine gun was introduced in front of the loader’s
hatch and the roof was altered. Armour plate was added to protect
the front of both panniers and both superstructure sides were now
slanted. Various other features were added during the production
run including a Saukopf (sow’s head) gun mantlet, a coaxial
machine gun, a remotely controlled machine gun on the superstructure
roof, and a a Nahverteidigungswaffe (Close Combat Defense
Weapon).
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StuH 42 Ausf. F and Ausf. G
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1,212
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Mounted the much heavier 10.5-cm (4.13-in) StuH
42 L/28 assault cannon but otherwise essentially the same as the
same respective model of StuG III Ausf. F and Ausf. G. Employed
a modified gun mount for the obviously bulkier and heavier main
weapon. Modifications also made to the ammunition stowage. As improvements
were made to the StuG III Ausf. G, so they were also introduced
to the StuH 42.
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StuIG 33B
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24
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Designed for the Battle of Staningrad. Mounted
a 15-cm (5.91-in) StuIG L/11 howitzer. The superstructure was completely
redesigned with extended front, sides, and rear.
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[ Top of Page |
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Specifications
|
Model
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StuG III Ausf. A
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StuG III Ausf. B
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StuG III Ausf. C
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Crew
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Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
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Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
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Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
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Dimensions
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Length
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5.38 m (17.65 ft)
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5.40 m (17.72 ft)
|
5.40 m (17.72 ft)
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Width
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2.92 m (9.58 ft)
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2.93 m (9.61 ft)
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2.93 m (9.61 ft)
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Height
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1.95 m (6.40 ft)
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1.98 m (6.50 ft)
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1.98 m (6.50 ft)
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Powerplant
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Type
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Maybach HL120TR
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Maybach HL120TRM
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Maybach HL120TRM
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Cubic Capacity
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11.9 L (726 cu in)
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11.9 L (726 cu in)
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11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
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Cylinders
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12
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12
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12
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Horsepower
|
300 hp (224 kW)
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300 hp (224 kW)
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300 hp (224 kW)
|
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Weights and Loads
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Weight
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19,600 kg (21.6 tons)
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20,200 kg (22.3 tons)
|
20,200 kg (22.3 tons)
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Gasoline Capacity
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
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310 L (68 Imp gal)
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310 L (68 Imp gal)
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Performance
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Maximum Speed
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40 km/h (25 mph)
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40 km/h (25 mph)
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40 km/h (25 mph)
|
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Range
|
160 km (99 mi)
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160 km (99 mi)
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160 km (99 mi)
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Armament and Equipment
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Armament
|
Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
37 L/24 assault cannon.
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Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
37 L/24 assault cannon.
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Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
37 L/24 assault cannon.
|
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Armour mm
(in) @ degrees to the horizontal
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Hull Front:
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50 (1.67) @ 21°
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50 (1.67) @ 21°
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50 (1.67) @ 21°
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Hull Sides:
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30 (1.18) @ 0°
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30 (1.18) @ 0°
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30 (1.18) @ 0°
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Hull Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
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30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
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30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
|
|
Hull Top:
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
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16 (0.63) @ 90°
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16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
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Superstructure Front:
|
50 (1.67) @ 10°
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50 (1.67) @ 10°
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50 (1.67) @ 10°
|
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Superstructure Sides:
|
30 (1.18) @ 0° &
9 (0.35) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0° &
9 (0.35) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0° &
9 (0.35) @ 30°
|
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Superstructure Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
|
Superstructure Top:
|
11 (0.43) @ 78°-90° &
17 (0.67) @ 85°
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11 (0.43) @ 78°-90° &
17 (0.67) @ 85°
|
11 (0.43) @ 89°-90° &
17 (0.67) @ 85°
|
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Turret Front:
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n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
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Turret Sides:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
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Turret Rear:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
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Turret Top:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
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Gun Mantlet:
|
n/a
|
50 (1.67) @ 15°
|
50 (1.67) @ 15°
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[ Top of Page |
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Specifications Cont.
|
Model
|
StuG III Ausf D
|
StuG III Ausf E
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StuG III Ausf F
|
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Crew
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Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
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Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
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Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
|
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Dimensions
|
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Length
|
5.40 m (17.72 ft)
|
5.40 m (17.72 ft)
|
6.31 m (20.70 ft)
|
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Width
|
2.93 m (9.61 ft)
|
2.93 m (9.61 ft)
|
2.92 m (9.58 ft)
|
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Height
|
1.98 m (6.50 ft)
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1.98 m (6.50 ft)
|
2.15 m (7.05 ft)
|
|
Powerplant
|
|
Type
|
Maybach HL120TRM
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Maybach HL120TRM
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Maybach HL120TRM
|
|
Cubic Capacity
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
|
Cylinders
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
|
Horsepower
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
|
Weights and Loads
|
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Weight
|
20,200 kg (22.3 ton)
|
20,800 kg (22.9 ton)
|
21,600 kg (23.8 ton)
|
|
Gasoline Capacity
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
|
300 L (66 Imp gal)
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
|
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Performance
|
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Maximum Speed
|
40 km/h (25 mph)
|
40 km/h (25 mph)
|
40 km/h (25 mph)
|
|
Range
|
160 km (99 mi)
|
160 km (99 mi)
|
140 km (87 mi)
|
|
Armament and Equipment
|
|
Armament
|
Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
37 L/24 assault cannon.
|
Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
37 L/24 assault cannon.
One loose 7.92-mm (0.312-in) MG 34
machine gun.
|
Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
40 L/43 or L/48 assault cannon.
One loose 7.92-mm (0.312-in) MG 34
machine gun.
|
|
Armour mm
(in) @ degrees to the horizontal
|
|
Hull Front:
|
50 (1.67) @ 21°
|
50 (1.67) @ 21°
|
50+30 (1.67+1.18) @ 21°
|
|
Hull Sides:
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
|
Hull Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
|
30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
|
30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
|
|
Hull Top:
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
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16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
|
Superstructure Front:
|
50 (1.67) @ 10°
|
50 (1.67) @ 10°
|
50+30 (1.67+1.18) @ 10°
|
|
Superstructure Sides:
|
30 (1.18) @ 0° &
9 (0.35) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
|
Superstructure Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
|
Superstructure Top:
|
11 (0.43) @ 89°-90° & 17 (0.67)
@ 85°
|
11 (0.43) @ 78°-90° &
17 (0.67) @ 85°
|
11 (0.43) @ 78°-90° &
17 (0.67) @ 85°
|
|
Turret Front:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Sides:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Rear:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Top:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Gun Mantlet:
|
50 (1.67) @ 15°
|
50 (1.67) @ 15°
|
50 (1.67) @ 0°
|
[ Top of Page |
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Specifications Cont.
|
Model
|
StuG III Ausf. F/8
|
StuG III Ausf. G
|
StuH 42 Ausf. F and G
|
|
Crew
|
Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
|
Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
|
Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
|
|
Dimensions
|
|
Length
|
6.77 m (22.21 ft)
|
6.77 m (22.21 ft)
|
6.14 m (20.14 ft)
|
|
Width
|
2.92 m (9.58 ft)
|
2.95 m (9.68 ft)
|
2.95 m (9.68 ft)
|
|
Height
|
2.15 m (7.05 ft)
|
2.16 m (7.09 ft)
|
2.16 m (7.09 ft)
|
|
Powerplant
|
|
Type
|
Maybach HL120TRM
|
Maybach HL120TRM
|
Maybach HL120TRM
|
|
Cubic Capacity
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
|
Cylinders
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
|
Horsepower
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
|
Weights and Loads
|
|
Weight
|
23,200 kg (25.6 tons)
|
23,900 kg (26.3 tons)
|
24,000 kg (26.5 tons)
|
|
Gasoline Capacity
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
|
|
Performance
|
|
Maximum Speed
|
40 km/h (25 mph)
|
40 km/h (25 mph)
|
40 km/h (25 mph)
|
|
Range
|
140 km (87 mi)
|
155 km (96 mi)
|
155 km (96 mi)
|
|
Armament and Equipment
|
|
Armament
|
Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK
40 L/48 assault cannon.
One loose 7.92-mm (0.312-in) MG 34
machine gun.
|
Hull-mounted: 7.5-cm (2.95-in) StuK40
L/48 assault cannon and one coaxial mount 7.92-mm (0.312-in) MG
34 on later production models.
One loose 7.92-mm MG 34 machine gun.
One remote controlled 7.92-mm MG 34
on later production models.
|
Hull-mounted: 10.5-cm (4.13-in) StuH42
L/28 assault cannon and one coaxial mount 7.92-mm (0.312-in) MG
34 on later production models.
One loose 7.92-mm MG 34 machine gun.
|
|
Armour mm
(in) @ degrees to the horizontal
|
|
Hull Front:
|
50+30 (1.67+1.18) @ 21°
|
80 (3.15) @ 21°
|
80 (3.15) @ 21°
|
|
Hull Sides:
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
|
Hull Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 30° & 10°
|
50 (1.67) @ 10°
|
50 (1.67) @ 10°
|
|
Hull Top:
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
|
Superstructure Front:
|
50+30 (1.67+1.18) @ 10°
|
80 (3.15) @ 10°
|
80 (3.15) @ 10°
|
|
Superstructure Sides:
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 11°
|
30 (1.18) @ 11°
|
|
Superstructure Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 30°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
|
Superstructure Top:
|
11 (0.43) @ 78°-90° &
17 (0.67) @ 85°
|
11-17 (0.43-0.67) @ 75°-90°
|
11-17 (0.43-0.67) @ 75°-90°
|
|
Turret Front:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Sides:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Rear:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Top:
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Gun Mantlet:
|
50 (1.67) @ 0°
|
80 (3.15) @ 0°
|
80 (3.15) @ 0°
|
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Specifications Cont.
|
Model
|
StuIG33B
|
|
Crew
|
Four: commander, gunner, driver, loader
|
|
Dimensions
|
|
Length
|
5.4 m (17.72 ft)
|
|
Width
|
2.9 m (9.51 ft)
|
|
Height
|
2.3 m (7.55 ft)
|
|
Powerplant
|
|
Type
|
Maybach HL120TRM
|
|
Cubic Capacity
|
11.9 L (726 cu in)
|
|
Cylinders
|
12
|
|
Horsepower
|
300 hp (224 kW)
|
|
Weights and Loads
|
|
Weight
|
21,000 kg (23.1 tons)
|
|
Gasoline Capacity
|
310 L (68 Imp gal)
|
|
Performance
|
|
Maximum Speed
|
20 km/h (12 mph)
|
|
Range
|
110 km (68 mi)
|
|
Armament and Equipment
|
|
Armament
|
Hull-mounted: 15-cm (5.91-in) StuIG
L/11 howitzer.
One loose 7.92-mm (0.312-in) MG 34
machine gun.
|
|
Armour mm
(in) @ degrees to the horizontal
|
|
Hull Front:
|
50+30 (1.67+1.18) @ 21°
|
|
Hull Sides:
|
30 (1.18) @ 0°
|
|
Hull Rear:
|
30 (1.18) @ 10°
|
|
Hull Top:
|
16 (0.63) @ 90°
|
|
Superstructure Front:
|
80 (3.15) @ 10°
|
|
Superstructure Sides:
|
50 (1.67) @ 25°
|
|
Superstructure Rear:
|
15 (0.59) @ 0°
|
|
Superstructure Top:
|
10 (0.39) @ 90°
|
|
Turret Front:
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Sides:
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Rear:
|
n/a
|
|
Turret Top:
|
n/a
|
|
Gun Mantlet:
|
30 (1.18) @ 10°
|
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